Humanity faces an unprecedented convergence of challenges — climate change, biodiversity loss, energy transition, and environmental degradation — all unfolding at a scale and speed that test existing political, economic, and social systems. Science has delivered extraordinary insight into these problems and unprecedented tools to address them, from clean energy technologies and molecular biology to quantum science and advanced computation. Yet the gap between scientific capability and global action remains wide. This session asks a fundamental question: can science save the Earth — and if so, under what conditions? Bringing together Nobel Prize–winning scientists across chemistry, physics, and energy science, the discussion will explore what science can realistically deliver, where its limits lie, and how governments, institutions, and societies must evolve to translate discovery into impact. Moderated by H.E. Omar Sultan AlOlama, the conversation will bridge frontier science and public leadership, examining whether knowledge, innovation, and evidence can still guide collective action in a fractured world.