The industries shaping the next decade — from advanced manufacturing and agri-tech to green energy, digital infrastructure, and value-added production — will define national competitiveness, employment, and resilience. Yet many governments are still operating with policy frameworks designed for an earlier industrial era, struggling to align regulation, skills, infrastructure, and investment with rapidly evolving technologies. This session examines whether governments are truly prepared for the industries of the future. Hon. Dr. Anxious Masuka will bring a perspective grounded in development priorities, rural transformation, and the modernisation of agriculture and resource-based industries. Gerd Müller, Director General of UNIDO, will offer a global view on how industrial policy, technology transfer, and inclusive manufacturing can support sustainable development. Together, the discussion will explore how governments can move from aspiration to execution — building the conditions industries need to thrive while ensuring growth is inclusive, resilient, and future-ready.